The substantive verb is used when the predicate is an adjective, adverb, or prepositional phrase.
2.
Instead, we more frequently find " structural " influence, especially in the grammar; a particularly striking parallel is the substantive verb.
3.
Irish syntax # The forms meaning " to be " ), there are two ways of expressing " to be " in Manx : with the substantive verb, and with the copula.
4.
The forms of the Old Irish present tense of the substantive verb, as well as Welsh " taw ", come from the PIE root * " st-".
5.
Where the predicate is a noun, it must be converted to a prepositional phrase headed by the preposition ( " in " ) + possessive pronoun ( agreeing with the subject ) in order for the substantive verb to be grammatical:
6.
It may function as an auxiliary, as Elphion says; but it can also function as a substantive verb, in which role it is known to grammarians as a talk ) 00 : 04, 7 November 2013 ( UTC)
7.
:Because there are two different verbs here .'Have ( auxiliary )'patterns like an auxiliary ( forms questions by inversions, and negates by a suffixed'not'or'nt') in all varieties of English .'Have ( substantive verb )'may pattern like an auxiliary or like a substantive verb ( negation and question by'do') depending on the dialect, the construction, and the whim of the speaker.
8.
:Because there are two different verbs here .'Have ( auxiliary )'patterns like an auxiliary ( forms questions by inversions, and negates by a suffixed'not'or'nt') in all varieties of English .'Have ( substantive verb )'may pattern like an auxiliary or like a substantive verb ( negation and question by'do') depending on the dialect, the construction, and the whim of the speaker.
9.
My observation ( OR ) is that when " have " is an auxiliary, it patterns as an auxiliary ( " have you seen ? " " I haven't seen " ) in all varieties of English, but when it is a substantive verb North American English tends to use it like an ordinary verb ( " do you have any ? " ) but British English has tended to continue pattern it like an auxiliary ( " have you any ? " ).
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